Month: June 2023

Cybersecurity in Higher Education: Protecting Student Data and Campus Networks

In recent years, the importance of cybersecurity in higher education has grown significantly. With the rise of cyber threats targeting universities, protecting student data and campus networks has become a top priority for administrators and IT staff. In this article, we will examine the unique challenges facing higher education institutions and explore best practices for safeguarding student data and infrastructure.

The Growing Importance of Cybersecurity in Higher Education

Over the last decade, universities have become targets for a growing number of cyber attacks. Unfortunately, many institutions have not kept pace with the evolving threat landscape, leaving their networks and data vulnerable to exploitation. As cyber criminals become more sophisticated and universities continue to digitize operations, the potential consequences of a data breach become more severe.

The rise of cyber threats targeting universities

Cyber attacks targeting universities are on the rise. Hackers often target universities for their valuable research data, intellectual property, and financial information. In recent years, universities have been hit with a number of high-profile cyber attacks, including the 2019 ransomware attack on the University of Utah and the 2020 ransomware attack on Michigan State University. These attacks can be incredibly costly, both in terms of financial damages and reputational harm.

One of the reasons why universities are particularly vulnerable to cyber attacks is their decentralized nature. Universities often have multiple departments and units, each with their own IT systems and security protocols. This can make it difficult to implement consistent security measures across the entire institution, leaving gaps that cyber criminals can exploit.

The consequences of data breaches in higher education

The consequences of a data breach in higher education can be severe. Not only do breaches put student, faculty, and staff data at risk, but they can also lead to the loss of valuable research data and intellectual property. Additionally, institutions may face legal and regulatory consequences and suffer reputational harm.

For example, in 2015, UCLA suffered a massive data breach that exposed the personal information of 4.5 million individuals, including students, faculty, and staff. The breach cost the university $13 million in damages and led to a class-action lawsuit. The university also faced criticism for its handling of the breach, which some argued was slow and inadequate.

The role of higher education institutions in cybersecurity education

Higher education institutions have a unique role to play in cybersecurity education. As more and more industries rely on digital systems and data, it is essential that universities prepare students for careers that require an understanding of cybersecurity and data protection. By providing cybersecurity education to students, universities can help to build a more secure digital future.

Many universities are already taking steps to integrate cybersecurity education into their curricula. For example, the University of Maryland offers a cybersecurity specialization within its computer science program, while the University of Texas at San Antonio has a dedicated cybersecurity program that offers both undergraduate and graduate degrees.

However, there is still much work to be done. According to a 2020 report from the Center for Cyber Safety and Education, only 25% of cybersecurity professionals surveyed said that their educational background was in cybersecurity. This highlights the need for more universities to offer cybersecurity education and for more students to pursue careers in the field.

In addition to providing cybersecurity education to students, universities can also take steps to improve their own cybersecurity posture. This may involve implementing more robust security measures, such as multi-factor authentication and encryption, and conducting regular security audits and assessments.

The Importance of Cybersecurity

As cyber threats continue to evolve and become more sophisticated, it is essential that higher education institutions take cybersecurity seriously. By improving their own cybersecurity posture and providing cybersecurity education to students, universities can help to build a more secure digital future.

Understanding the Unique Cybersecurity Challenges in Higher Education

Higher education institutions face unique challenges when it comes to cybersecurity. Institutions often have decentralized IT infrastructure, diverse user populations, and a need to balance openness and security in academic environments.

Decentralized IT infrastructure

Many universities have decentralized IT infrastructure, making it difficult to manage and secure all of the various systems and networks. This can lead to inconsistencies in security practices and make it more challenging to identify and respond to potential threats. For example, a university may have different departments or schools with their own IT systems and networks, each with their own IT staff and security protocols. This can create a lack of standardization in security practices and make it harder for the university to implement a comprehensive security policy.

Furthermore, decentralized IT infrastructure can also lead to a lack of communication and coordination between different departments or schools. This can make it more challenging to share information about potential threats and vulnerabilities, as well as to coordinate responses to cyber attacks.

Diverse user population and access points

Universities have diverse user populations and access points, including students, faculty, staff, and third-party contractors. This can make it more challenging to monitor and control access to sensitive data and systems. For example, students may access university systems and networks from their personal devices, which may not have the same level of security as university-owned devices.

In addition, universities often have a large number of devices connected to their networks, including personal devices brought by students and staff. This can make it more difficult to monitor and detect potential threats, as well as to control access to sensitive data and systems.

Balancing openness and security in academic environments

Universities must balance the need for openness in academic environments with the need for security. Many research projects require access to open networks and systems, and it can be difficult to restrict access without impeding academic freedom and collaboration. For example, researchers may need to access open networks to share data and collaborate with colleagues from other universities and research institutions.

However, this openness can also make universities more vulnerable to cyber attacks. Hackers may target university systems and networks to gain access to sensitive research data or to steal personal information from students and staff.

Therefore, universities must find ways to balance openness and security in their IT systems and networks. This may involve implementing security policies and protocols that allow for open collaboration while also protecting sensitive data and systems from cyber threats.

Protecting Student Data: Privacy and Compliance Concerns

In today’s digital age, higher education institutions face a significant challenge in protecting student data. With the increasing use of technology in the classroom, institutions must ensure that they comply with regulations such as the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to safeguard student data.

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

FERPA is a federal law that protects the privacy of student education records. It gives students the right to access their education records and control the disclosure of their personal information. Institutions must comply with FERPA when storing and sharing student data, including grades, financial information, and enrollment data. Failure to comply with FERPA can result in severe consequences, including the loss of federal funding and legal action.

FERPA applies to all schools that receive federal funding, including public and private institutions. It is essential for institutions to understand the requirements of FERPA and establish policies and procedures to ensure compliance. This includes training employees who handle student data and implementing security measures to protect against unauthorized access and disclosure of student information.

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and international students

The GDPR is a regulation in the European Union that protects the privacy of personal data. It applies to all organizations that process personal data of individuals in the EU, including higher education institutions. Institutions must comply with the GDPR when collecting and storing data from international students.

Under the GDPR, institutions must obtain explicit consent from students before collecting and processing their personal data. They must also provide students with the right to access their data and request that it be deleted. Failure to comply with the GDPR can result in significant fines and damage to an institution’s reputation.

Best practices for securing student data

Securing student data is essential to protect against data breaches and cyber attacks. Institutions should implement best practices such as encryption, access controls, and regular data backups. Encryption ensures that data is protected from unauthorized access, while access controls limit access to data to only those who need it.

Institutions should also provide cybersecurity education and training to all employees who handle student data. This includes training on how to identify and respond to potential cyber threats and how to protect sensitive data. Regular data backups are also critical to ensure that data can be recovered in the event of a cyber attack or system failure.

In conclusion, protecting student data is a top priority for higher education institutions. Compliance with regulations such as FERPA and the GDPR is essential to safeguard student information. By implementing best practices for securing student data, institutions can protect against data breaches and cyber attacks, ensuring that student data remains safe and secure.

Securing Campus Networks and Infrastructure

Campus networks and infrastructure must also be safeguarded from cyber threats. Institutions should implement strong security measures to protect against phishing and social engineering attacks, as well as ensure secure remote access for faculty and staff.

Implementing strong network security measures

Higher education institutions should implement strong network security measures such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and up-to-date antivirus software. These measures can help prevent cyber attacks, detect threats, and contain any damage that occurs. In addition, implementing regular vulnerability scans and penetration testing can help identify potential weaknesses in the network and infrastructure.

It is also important to have a comprehensive incident response plan in place. This plan should outline the steps to be taken in the event of a cyber attack, including who to contact, how to contain the damage, and how to restore normal operations.

Protecting against phishing and social engineering attacks

Phishing and social engineering attacks are common methods used by cyber criminals to gain access to sensitive data. Institutions should provide cybersecurity awareness training to all employees and implement controls such as multi-factor authentication to mitigate these risks. Regular phishing simulations can also help employees recognize and avoid phishing attempts.

Another effective strategy is to implement email filtering and blocking of suspicious IP addresses. This can help prevent phishing emails from reaching their intended targets and reduce the risk of successful attacks.

Ensuring secure remote access for faculty and staff

With the increasing prevalence of remote work, ensuring secure remote access for faculty and staff is essential. Institutions should implement secure remote access methods such as virtual private networks (VPNs) and require strong passwords and multi-factor authentication for all remote access. It is also important to ensure that all devices used for remote access are up-to-date with the latest security patches and updates.

Additionally, institutions should consider implementing remote access policies and procedures to ensure that all remote access is authorized and monitored. This can help prevent unauthorized access and reduce the risk of data breaches.

Overall, securing campus networks and infrastructure requires a multi-faceted approach that includes strong security measures, employee training and awareness, and comprehensive policies and procedures. By taking these steps, higher education institutions can better protect themselves against cyber threats and ensure the safety of their data and systems.

Conclusion

In conclusion, higher education institutions face unique challenges when it comes to cybersecurity. By understanding these challenges and implementing best practices for securing student data and infrastructure, universities can mitigate the risk of a cyber attack and protect their students, faculty, and staff. Additionally, by providing cybersecurity education to students, institutions can help to build a more secure digital future.

The Cost Efficiency of Virtual Desktops for Higher Education Institutions

As the higher education sector continues to evolve, so does the need for cost-effective and innovative solutions to support student learning, faculty productivity, and administrative efficiency. The emergence of virtual desktops has presented an opportunity for institutions to leverage technology to address these needs while also reducing costs. In this article, we will explore the benefits, costs, and considerations of virtual desktops for higher education institutions.

Understanding Virtual Desktops in Higher Education

Virtual desktops, also known as virtualized desktop infrastructure (VDI), allow users to access their desktop environment from any device, anywhere, at any time. Unlike traditional desktops, virtual desktops are delivered to end-users as a service, enabling institutions to simplify desktop management, reduce hardware costs, and support BYOD policies. Virtual desktops essentially move the desktop environment from local machines to a centralized data center where they are hosted, managed, and secured by IT staff.

What are Virtual Desktops?

Virtual desktops are essentially a cloud-hosted version of a traditional desktop, with all of the same features and applications that users are accustomed to. The difference is that they are accessed remotely using an internet connection, rather than being installed on a local machine. This allows for greater flexibility and accessibility, as users can log in to their desktop environment from any device with an internet connection, including laptops, tablets, and smartphones.

Benefits of Virtual Desktops for Higher Education Institutions

The benefits of virtual desktops for higher education institutions are numerous. Perhaps the most significant advantage is the cost savings achieved through hardware consolidation, energy efficiency, and staffing savings. Here are some of the other key benefits of virtual desktops for higher education institutions:

• Improved security: Virtual desktops are hosted in the cloud, which means that institutions can implement more robust security measures to protect against cyber threats and data breaches. This is especially important in an age where cyber attacks are becoming increasingly common.
• BYOD support: Because virtual desktops are accessed remotely, they can be accessed from any device, which makes it easier for institutions to support BYOD policies. This is particularly relevant for students who may not have access to a personal computer and need to use a mobile device to access course materials.
• Scalability: As the number of students and staff grows, institutions can scale their virtual desktop infrastructure to accommodate the increased demand. This is important for institutions that are experiencing rapid growth or need to accommodate seasonal fluctuations in demand.
• Centralized management: Virtual desktops are managed centrally by IT staff, which simplifies management and reduces the need for on-premise support. This allows IT staff to focus on more strategic initiatives, rather than spending time on routine desktop management tasks.
• Improved performance: Virtual desktops can be configured to provide high-performance computing, which is important for students and staff who need to run resource-intensive applications.
• Disaster recovery: Because virtual desktops are hosted in the cloud, they can be easily backed up and restored in the event of a disaster. This ensures that students and staff can continue to access their desktop environment, even in the event of a catastrophic event.

Overall, virtual desktops offer numerous benefits for higher education institutions. They provide greater flexibility, accessibility, and security, while also reducing costs and simplifying desktop management. As such, they are becoming an increasingly popular option for institutions looking to modernize their IT infrastructure and provide a better experience for students and staff.

Comparing Traditional Desktops and Virtual Desktops

While virtual desktops offer numerous benefits, it is important to compare them with traditional desktops in terms of costs and other considerations. Here are some of the most important factors to consider when comparing virtual desktops and traditional desktops for higher education institutions:

Hardware and Maintenance Costs

One of the primary cost savings associated with virtual desktops is the reduction in hardware costs. Rather than purchasing individual desktops for each user, institutions can invest in a centralized data center to host virtual desktops, which reduces hardware costs significantly. Moreover, centralized management of virtual desktops simplifies maintenance and software updates, further reducing costs.

Additionally, virtual desktops eliminate the need for physical maintenance of individual desktops. This means that institutions can save money on hardware repairs and replacements, as well as on the cost of hiring IT staff to carry out these tasks.

Furthermore, virtual desktops can be easily scaled up or down depending on the needs of the institution. This means that institutions can avoid the cost of purchasing new hardware every time they need to expand their desktop infrastructure.

Software Licensing and Updates

One of the key challenges associated with traditional desktops is managing software licensing and updates. When institutions invest in virtual desktops, they can leverage technology to automate software updates, ensuring that users always have access to the latest software and applications. This reduces licensing costs and administrative overhead associated with managing software licenses.

Moreover, virtual desktops allow institutions to provide access to a wider range of software applications to their users. This is because virtual desktops can be accessed from any device with an internet connection, which means that users can access software applications that may not be available on their personal devices.

Energy Consumption and Sustainability

Institutions are under increasing pressure to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainability. By consolidating desktops in a centralized data center, institutions can significantly reduce their energy consumption and carbon footprint. This makes virtual desktops a more environmentally sustainable option compared to traditional desktops.

In addition to reducing energy consumption, virtual desktops also promote sustainability by reducing the amount of electronic waste generated by traditional desktops. This is because virtual desktops are hosted in a centralized data center, which means that there is no need to dispose of individual desktops when they are no longer needed.

Overall, while traditional desktops may have their advantages, virtual desktops offer numerous benefits in terms of cost savings, software management, and sustainability. Institutions should carefully consider these factors when deciding which desktop infrastructure to invest in.

Implementation and Deployment of Virtual Desktops

Implementing and deploying virtual desktops successfully requires careful planning and attention to detail. Here are some of the most important considerations for institutions:

Assessing Institutional Needs

Before investing in virtual desktops, institutions need to assess their needs and determine if virtual desktops are the right solution. This involves looking at factors such as the number of students and staff, the types of software applications in use, and the availability of IT resources.

For example, if an institution has a large number of students who require access to specialized software applications, virtual desktops may be a good solution. Virtual desktops can provide access to these applications without the need for expensive hardware upgrades or installations.

On the other hand, if an institution has a small number of students who require access to basic software applications, virtual desktops may not be the most cost-effective solution. In this case, it may be more practical to provide students with access to traditional desktop computers.

Choosing the Right Virtual Desktop Solution

There are numerous virtual desktop solutions available, and it is important for institutions to choose the right one. This involves evaluating factors such as ease of use, scalability, security, and cost.

For example, some virtual desktop solutions may be more user-friendly than others, making them a better choice for institutions with less tech-savvy staff and faculty. Other solutions may be more scalable, allowing institutions to easily add or remove virtual desktops as needed.

Security is also a critical consideration when choosing a virtual desktop solution. Institutions need to ensure that their virtual desktops are secure and that sensitive data is protected. Some virtual desktop solutions may offer more robust security features than others, making them a better choice for institutions with strict security requirements.

Training and Support for Faculty and Staff

Successful deployment of virtual desktops requires a well-trained staff and faculty. Institutions need to provide training and support to end-users to ensure that they are comfortable using virtual desktops and that they understand the benefits.

Training and support can take many forms, from online tutorials and documentation to in-person training sessions. Institutions may also want to consider providing ongoing support to end-users, such as a help desk or IT support team.

By investing in training and support, institutions can ensure that their staff and faculty are able to use virtual desktops effectively and that they are able to take advantage of all the benefits that virtual desktops can offer, such as increased flexibility and productivity.

Conclusion

Virtual desktops offer numerous benefits for higher education institutions seeking cost-effective and innovative solutions for desktop management and support. By reducing hardware costs, improving security, promoting BYOD policies, and promoting sustainability, institutions can leverage virtual desktops to improve productivity and reduce costs over the long term.

In recent years, the field of education has undergone significant transformation, with an increasing number of institutions adopting digital technology to facilitate remote learning. The COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated this trend, with distance learning becoming the norm for millions of students across the world. This has led to the rise of cloud desktops, which provide a range of benefits for educational institutions and students alike. In this article, we’ll explore how cloud desktops can enhance distance learning and the many advantages they offer.

Understanding Cloud Desktops and Distance Learning

What are Cloud Desktops?

A cloud desktop is a virtual desktop that is hosted on a cloud computing platform. This means that the desktop is accessed over the internet, rather than being installed locally on a computer. Cloud desktops offer a range of advantages over traditional desktops, including increased accessibility, flexibility, and security. They also provide a cost-effective solution for educational institutions that are looking to deploy new technology.

Cloud desktops are becoming increasingly popular in the education sector, as they offer a range of benefits for both students and teachers. With cloud desktops, students can access their desktops from any device with an internet connection, including laptops, tablets, and smartphones. This means that they can work on assignments and projects from anywhere, at any time.

Cloud desktops also offer increased flexibility for teachers, as they can access their desktops from any location. This means that they can work from home or while on the go, without having to be tied to a specific location. Additionally, cloud desktops provide enhanced security features, such as data encryption and multi-factor authentication, which help to protect sensitive information.

The Evolution of Distance Learning

Distance learning has come a long way over the years. Initially, distance learning involved correspondence courses, which were delivered by mail. This was a slow and inefficient process, as students had to wait for their assignments to be delivered and then send them back to their teachers by mail.

With the advent of the internet, distance learning evolved into online courses, which were delivered over the internet. This made the process much faster and more efficient, as students could access course materials and submit assignments online. However, online courses still had some limitations, such as limited interactivity and a lack of personalization.

Today, distance learning is facilitated by a range of technologies, including video conferencing, learning management systems, and cloud desktops. These technologies have transformed the way that students learn, providing them with more interactive and personalized learning experiences.

For example, video conferencing allows students to participate in live classes and interact with their teachers and classmates in real-time. Learning management systems provide a centralized platform for course materials, assignments, and grades, making it easier for students to stay organized and keep track of their progress. And cloud desktops provide students with access to all of their course materials and applications, from any device with an internet connection.

Overall, the evolution of distance learning has been driven by advances in technology, which have made it possible to deliver high-quality education to students around the world, regardless of their location or circumstances.

Benefits of Cloud Desktops for Distance Learning

Distance learning has become increasingly popular in recent years, and cloud desktops have played a significant role in enabling this trend. Cloud desktops provide a range of benefits for both students and educators, including accessibility, flexibility, improved collaboration and communication, enhanced security and data protection, and cost-effectiveness.

Accessibility and Flexibility

One of the most significant advantages of cloud desktops is their accessibility. Since cloud desktops are hosted on a cloud computing platform, students can access their desktop from anywhere with an internet connection. This means that students can complete coursework at their own pace and on their own schedule, without being tied to a physical location. Cloud desktops also provide a high degree of flexibility, as students can access their desktops from a range of devices, including laptops, tablets, and smartphones. This means that students can work on their coursework whenever and wherever it is most convenient for them.

Furthermore, cloud desktops can also be accessed by students with disabilities. Cloud desktops can be configured to meet the specific needs of students with visual, auditory, or motor impairments, ensuring that all students have equal access to educational resources.

Improved Collaboration and Communication

Cloud desktops provide a range of tools that facilitate collaboration and communication between students and educators. For example, virtual classrooms and meeting tools can be used to conduct live lectures and discussions, allowing students to interact with their peers and educators in real-time. File sharing and storage enables students to easily collaborate on projects and assignments, without the need for physical meetings. Learning management system integration provides educators with a comprehensive platform for managing coursework, tracking student progress, and providing feedback.

Furthermore, cloud desktops can also be used to facilitate collaboration between students from different parts of the world. Cloud desktops can be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection, which means that students from different countries can work together on projects and assignments, sharing their knowledge and expertise.

Enhanced Security and Data Protection

Cloud desktops provide a high degree of security and data protection. Since the desktop is hosted on a cloud computing platform, students do not need to install software or store data on their local devices. This reduces the risk of data loss or theft due to a hardware failure or theft. Additionally, cloud desktops often come with built-in data backup and disaster recovery features, which ensure that student data is secure and easily recoverable.

Cloud desktops also provide a high level of protection against cyber threats. Cloud computing providers invest heavily in security measures, such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and encryption, to protect their customers’ data. This means that students and educators can have peace of mind, knowing that their data is safe and secure.

Cost-Effective Solutions for Educational Institutions

Cloud desktops provide a cost-effective solution for educational institutions that are looking to deploy new technology. Since the desktop is hosted on a cloud computing platform, institutions do not need to invest in expensive hardware or software. Additionally, cloud desktops often come with built-in maintenance and support, which reduces the need for technical staff. This means that educational institutions can save money on IT costs, while still providing their students with access to the latest technology.

Furthermore, cloud desktops can also help educational institutions to reduce their carbon footprint. Cloud computing providers use energy-efficient data centers, which consume less power than traditional data centers. This means that by using cloud desktops, educational institutions can reduce their energy consumption and contribute to a more sustainable future.

Effects of Cloud Desktops

Cloud desktops have revolutionized distance learning, providing students and educators with a range of benefits, including accessibility, flexibility, improved collaboration and communication, enhanced security and data protection, and cost-effectiveness. As the demand for distance learning continues to grow, cloud desktops will play an increasingly important role in providing students with access to high-quality education, regardless of their location or circumstances.

Stop Using RDP for Remote Access

In today’s ever-changing hybrid and remote working environments, it’s often necessary for users to connect back to their company-issued desktop PC sitting on their desk. This might be due to a custom security configuration, specialized software, or restricted access to sensitive data. Regardless of the need, a popular way of establishing this connection is through a remote desktop connection utilizing the Microsoft standard protocol of Remote Desktop Protocol or RDP.

But a recent joint warning from the FBI, along with the US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) indicate that attacks against this popular connection method are on the rise, getting more sophisticated, and seeing some breaks in the connection encryption.

Source: https://www.theregister.com/2023/05/17/fbi_cisa_bianlian_advisory/

So what other options exist? Luckily, there is a large list of options available from different vendors, but which is best and more importantly, which provides the best security and performance for users? Here is a comparison chart of some of a few of the most popular options:

One of the challenges with all remote desktop solutions is maintaining high levels of security without compromising user experience. These are some of the common security concerns when providing users with remote access to desktops:

Authentication and Access Control: Ensuring proper authentication mechanisms and access control is crucial to prevent unauthorized access to remote desktops. Weak passwords or inadequate authentication protocols can pose security risks.

Data Encryption: Remote desktop solutions should employ strong encryption methods to protect data transmitted between the local and remote systems. Without proper encryption, sensitive information can be intercepted and compromised.

Endpoint Security: The security of the local device accessing the remote desktop is vital. If the local device is infected with malware or compromised, it can potentially compromise the security of the remote desktop environment as well.

Network Security: Remote desktop connections often rely on network infrastructure that may be susceptible to security breaches. Employing secure network protocols and implementing appropriate network security measures, such as firewalls and VPNs, is crucial to protect against unauthorized access or data interception.

Auditing and Monitoring: It is important to have mechanisms in place to monitor and log remote access sessions. This helps in detecting any suspicious activity, identifying potential security breaches, and ensuring compliance with security policies.

Third-Party Security: When using remote desktop solutions, it’s essential to consider the security practices and track record of the solution providers. Ensure that they follow industry best practices, regularly release security updates, and have a robust vulnerability management process.

Session Hijacking: Remote desktop sessions can be vulnerable to session hijacking attacks, where an attacker takes control of an active session. Implementing techniques like session encryption, session timeouts, and regularly rotating session IDs can mitigate the risk of session hijacking.

Data Leakage: Remote desktop solutions may allow file transfer between local and remote systems. Ensuring proper controls and policies are in place to prevent unauthorized or accidental data leakage is important to protect sensitive information.

In today’s digital age, virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) has become a popular solution for businesses seeking enhanced flexibility, centralized management, and improved security. When considering VDI options, two main approaches emerge: multi-user virtual desktops and dedicated virtual desktops. Each has its unique strengths and considerations. In this blog post, we will compare these two approaches to help you make an informed decision about which solution is best suited for your business needs.

Multi-User Virtual Desktops:

Multi-user virtual desktops, also known as session hosts or shared desktops, are designed to allow multiple users to share a single server operating system instance. These virtual desktops enable multiple users to simultaneously access applications and data from a centralized server infrastructure. Here are some key advantages and considerations of multi-user virtual desktops:

Advantages:

• Cost-effective: Multi-user virtual desktops can significantly reduce hardware and licensing costs compared to dedicated virtual desktops, as resources are shared among multiple users.
• Efficient resource utilization: By leveraging shared resources, multi-user virtual desktops optimize server infrastructure and reduce the overall hardware footprint.
• Easy management: With a single instance to manage, updates, patches, and application installations are streamlined, reducing administrative overhead.
• Scalability: Multi-user virtual desktops can easily accommodate a growing number of users by adding additional session hosts or increasing server resources.

Considerations:

• Limited customization: Shared desktop environments restrict individual user customization options due to the shared nature of resources.
• Performance impact: Heavy resource utilization by one user can potentially impact the performance of other users sharing the same server.
• Application compatibility: Some applications may not be compatible with multi-user environments, requiring additional testing and configuration.

Introduction:

In today’s cloud computing landscape, Azure and AWS are two major players offering a wide range of virtual machine (VM) options to meet various workload requirements. When it comes to selecting the right VM instance or optimizing disk input/output (I/O) performance, understanding the specifications and capabilities of each provider becomes crucial.

Workloads in the cloud can vary significantly, and different applications have distinct resource requirements. When considering virtual machine specifications and disk I/O options, it’s important to align them with the specific needs of your workload. For example, GPU-intensive tasks such as machine learning or video rendering may benefit from instances with high-performance GPUs like NVIDIA Tesla V100 or T4. On the other hand, workloads that demand fast storage access or require low latency might require premium SSDs with higher IOPS and throughput. Understanding your workload’s characteristics and performance demands is crucial in selecting the appropriate VM instance and disk type to ensure optimal performance and cost efficiency.

In this blog post, we will compare the GPU options for instances with 4 vCPUs and 16 GB RAM, as well as the disk I/O specifications for virtual disks ranging from 250 GB to 1 TB in size. These specifications represent a good average across multiple workload profiles found in enterprise today. Cost comparisons are for Windows-based VMs running in the US-East region for both AWS and Azure, and are the straight hourly cost with no reservation or education discounts.

Virtual Machine Specifications:

Table: Comparison of GPU options for instances with 4 vCPUs and 16 GB RAM

*This is not an exhaustive list. Readers should confirm specs and current pricing from published documentation by Microsoft and Amazon.

Disk I/O Specifications:

Table: Comparison of disk I/O specifications for virtual disks

*This is not an exhaustive list. Readers should confirm specs and current pricing from published documentation by Microsoft and Amazon.

*This is not an exhaustive list. Readers should confirm specs and current pricing from published documentation by Microsoft and Amazon.

Citrix is a software company that specializes in digital workspace and cloud computing solutions. Founded in 1989, the company has a global presence and is headquartered in Florida, USA.

Citrix is most recognized for its flagship products Virtual Apps and Desktops, formerly known as XenApp and XenDesktop. It is a virtualization solution that enables businesses to deliver virtual applications and desktops to their employees from a centralized location. This allows users to access their workspaces from any device, anywhere in the world while maintaining a high level of security and control.

Virtual Apps and Desktops are priced based on a subscription model, which includes a base license fee and an additional fee per user.

The base license fee includes the software license and basic support and maintenance services, such as software updates and patches. The additional fee per user is based on the number of concurrent users accessing the virtual desktops and applications.

Citrix offers different editions of Virtual Apps and Desktops, each with varying features and capabilities, and the pricing may vary depending on the edition, deployment option, and level of support required. The following is a general pricing structure for Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops:

• Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops Standard: This is the basic edition that provides application and desktop virtualization. The pricing starts at $12 per user per month.
• Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops Advanced: This edition includes additional features such as remote PC access and virtual GPU support. The pricing starts at $21 per user per month.
• Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops Premium: This edition includes advanced security features, such as secure browser and content collaboration, along with all the features of the Advanced edition. The pricing starts at $31 per user per month.

Citrix versus Azure Virtual Desktops

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Microsoft made a big splash in the market with their Azure Virtual Desktops product, formerly known as Windows Virtual Desktops. This offering quickly became an alternative to Citrix and other legacy on-premise solutions.

Comparing Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops with Azure Virtual Desktops depends on several factors, such as deployment options, features, pricing, and support. Here’s an overview of both solutions to help you understand the differences between the two:

Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops:

Deployment Options: Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops can be deployed on-premises, in the cloud, or in a hybrid environment. Citrix provides its own cloud infrastructure called Citrix Cloud, but the solution can also be deployed on other cloud platforms such as Microsoft Azure, AWS, or Google Cloud Platform.

Features: Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops provide a wide range of features such as application delivery, virtual desktops, secure remote access, and user management. It also offers advanced security features like secure browser and content collaboration.

Pricing: Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops pricing starts at $12 per user per month for the Standard edition and goes up to $31 per user per month for the Premium edition.

Azure Virtual Desktop:

Deployment Options: Azure Virtual Desktop is a cloud-only solution that runs on the Microsoft Azure platform. It allows users to access virtual desktops and applications from anywhere in the world.

Features: Azure Virtual Desktop provides features such as virtual desktops, remote applications, and remote access. It also integrates with other Microsoft tools like Microsoft 365 and Power Platform.

Pricing: Azure Virtual Desktop pricing is based on the consumption of resources such as compute, storage, and network. The pricing can vary depending on the region, deployment options, and the level of support required.

Overall, Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops offer more deployment options and features than Azure Virtual Desktop. However, Azure Virtual Desktop has the advantage of being a cloud-only solution and integrates seamlessly with other Microsoft tools. When it comes to pricing, it can vary depending on the deployment options and level of support required for each solution.

Cloud desktops, or Desktops-as-a-Service (DaaS), refers to a cloud computing model where virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) is delivered to end-users over the internet. In this service, the desktop operating system, applications, and data reside on a remote server or cloud platform, and users access their virtual desktops using various devices, such as laptops, desktop computers, or thin clients, through an internet connection. DaaS allows for centralized management, easy scalability, and remote accessibility, enabling businesses to provide a consistent desktop experience to their employees while reducing the need for on-premises infrastructure and enhancing flexibility.

This type of platform is exactly what today’s MSPs are trying to grow into so they can continue to build their MRR from customers.  However, there is a very high TCO with a DIY approach to cloud desktops or DaaS. Some of the expertise needed to be successful with DIY DaaS include:

• Networking
• Security
• Storage
• Data Protection
• Endpoint Protection
• DR/BC
• Customer Support
• And, more

This level of effort means hiring one or more experienced cloud engineers who can build, manage, monitor, and support the platform once sold to customers. The TCO for this can be astronomical and can place an MSP at risk for shrinking margins.

The DaaS market was estimated to be valued at around $4 billion in 2020, and it was projected to reach $10 billion by 2023, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of over 25%. The increasing demand for flexible and scalable IT infrastructure, the rise of remote and mobile workforces, and the need for cost-effective and secure desktop solutions were driving the adoption of DaaS.

Current Projection:  https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/desktop-as-a-service-daas-market-analysis-featuring-key-players-applications-and-projected-forecasts-2035-2023-05-31

MSPs looking to capitalize on the growth in the DaaS market without the risk or high TCO should consider partnering with Apporto.

The Most Critical Market Trends in Higher Education – Part 2

In Part 1, we examined the first two critical trends affecting the higher education market. Those being: Digital Equity and BYOD Support. In this article, we’ll look at the remaining three trends facing IT leaders.

Rethink, Repurpose, and Reclaim

First up is the desire to rethink, repurpose, and reclaim space across campus. This can be to create collaborative learning spaces or to convert back to instruction spaces, or something different altogether. High on the list for most campuses are to reimagine the “old and dusty” computer labs. Moving the delivery of these workstations to something more flexible enables campuses to reclaim the valuable real estate they so desperately seek. But how?

One solution to this problem is shifting to on-premise VDI (virtual desktop infrastructure), however, this is a very expensive and complex initiative. Most schools will spend close to $1mil in investment and 6 months to a year of planning and execution.

A better option is to move those physical labs to the cloud. Here, there are two distinct approaches: Do-it-yourself (DIY) or a managed service, like Apporto. While the DIY option probably feels like the cheaper option, that’s not always the case. There are many horror stories in the news where a newly appointed cloud admin got a configuration wrong and campus data became publicly available, as well as concerns and reports over excessive monthly bills. I recently spoke to a school that let faculty members create and manage their own cloud desktops. Unfortunately, they had one faculty build a massive research desktop and then forget to power it off over the holiday break. Administrators were shocked when faced with a $50,000 cost overrun just for the month of December!

This points to choosing a managed service provider for the school’s cloud computing needs, but not all managed service offerings are created equal. Oftentimes, the provider does not want to be responsible for customer mistakes and therefore will lock and prevent access to the school’s own environment. This creates a bit of a hostage situation where the customer is now beholden to the time, availability, and charges for the managed service provider to complete basic tasks. (We do things differently at Apporto.)

This leads us to our fourth market trend: Cloud First.

Does every workload belong in the cloud? Many colleges and universities are coming to the conclusion that no, in fact, they don’t. What we’re starting to see more of is a Cloud Smart approach where IT leaders are looking closely at the benefits and costs of moving specific workloads to the cloud.

One cloud model that is certainly outpacing all others is that of SaaS or software-as-a-service. We’re seeing this model adopted across all sectors of higher education, from enrollment systems to finance, from learning management systems to even some academic software titles. SaaS is probably the easiest way to move systems to the cloud – think Netflix – and is how we built our offering at Apporto.

Technology Comparison: DaaS versus Application Virtualization

There is a long history in higher education of trying to solve the challenge of delivering the right academic software title to the right student at the right time. Different solutions take different approaches.

For example, SCCM and Intune focus on the physical image and management of the physical desktop fleet. Another approach is to utilize an app layering technology such as MSI/MSIX, Turbo.net, or Cloudpaging. A third approach is to simply virtualize the whole desktop, apps, and all, using VMware or Citrix.

Each of these methods has both advantages and disadvantages, as well as dramatically different costs. And now we also have cloud-hosted solutions to consider further expanding our list of choices. In this article, we’ll focus on the benefits and challenges of a cloud-hosted desktops-as-a-service (DaaS) solution, like Apporto, and compare those to the world of black art known as application virtualization.

DaaS

First, what is desktops-as-a-service? Desktops as a service (DaaS) is a cloud-based delivery model for virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) that enables organizations to provide virtual desktops to end-users from a remote data center or cloud provider.

In a DaaS environment, the desktop operating system, applications, and data are hosted in the cloud and delivered over the internet to a user’s device. This means that end-users can access their desktop environment from any device with an internet connection, without the need for a traditional desktop computer or local installation of software.

DaaS can provide several benefits for organizations, including:

• Scalability: DaaS enables organizations to scale their virtual desktop infrastructure up or down to meet changing demand, without the need for significant upfront investment in hardware or infrastructure.
• Flexibility: With DaaS, end-users can access their desktop environment from any device with an internet connection, making it easier to support a mobile or remote workforce.
• Simplified management: By moving desktop infrastructure to the cloud, organizations can simplify management and reduce the burden of maintenance and updates.
• Improved security: DaaS can help to improve security by centralizing desktop infrastructure in a secure data center or cloud provider, reducing the risk of data breaches or other security threats.

However, it’s worth noting that DaaS may not be suitable for all organizations or use cases. Factors such as network latency, bandwidth, and application performance can impact the user experience in a DaaS environment, and some organizations may have specific compliance or regulatory requirements that cannot be met through a cloud-based solution.

Application Virtualization

Now let’s review application virtualization. Application virtualization is a technology that allows applications to be delivered and executed on a user’s computer without being installed on the local operating system. Instead, the application runs in a virtual environment, isolated from the underlying operating system and other applications.

There are several benefits to application virtualization, including:

• Simplified application management: With application virtualization, applications can be centrally managed and delivered to end-users on demand, without the need for manual installation or maintenance.
• Improved compatibility: By isolating applications from the underlying operating system, application virtualization can help to overcome compatibility issues with other software and hardware.
• Enhanced security: Application virtualization can help to improve security by isolating applications and their associated data from other applications and the underlying operating system, reducing the risk of malware or other security threats.
• Flexibility: With application virtualization, applications can be delivered to a wide range of devices and operating systems, making it easier to support a diverse user base.

There are some pitfalls and challenges with application virtualization, though, as we’ll see.

So, how do these two very different technologies compare and contrast? There are two main criteria that should be considered. The first relates to the effort involved to build, maintain, and manage the system. The second is around where the horsepower needed to run the application actually comes from.